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Setting up replication with MongoDB Centos 7

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Requirements:

  • 3 different VPS'
  • Backup important data from all of them

Setup of the environment

Step 1) Open all your VPS' in an SSH client such as MobaXterm or however you ssh into a VPS. Like so:

18f9aba610171e95fab344b9cc5bdd56459fd1e669a3f798b4fb78aaf6a8948be5e7376732236ec2?t=cb84292c3976b2dcca2a5569f3895d3e
Step 2) Update all packages using:  

sudo yum update -y

This may take some time so be patient with it.

Step 3) Ensure nano is installed. Complete this all on VPS'.

sudo yum install nano -y

Installing  MongoDB

Since MongoDB doesn't exist by default you will have to install it manually on all machines/VPS'.

sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-4.4.repo


Then press the i key to insert content.


Add/copy paste in the following content:

[mongodb-org-4.4]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/4.4/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.4.asc


Install using this command:

sudo yum install -y mongodb-org


If you have SELinux enabled you will have to run:

semanage port -a -t mongod_port_t -p tcp 27017

You may have disabled this previously and may be running a firewall instead. You must allow the port 27017/tcp to access the database.

Then to start the mongodb instance run:

sudo systemctl start mongod


If you experience an error, please make sure you update the VPS or reinstall it(can be quicker and less demanding).

Generate the key file on ONE of them. Then copy and paste the contents to a mongo-keyfile on the rest.

openssl rand -base64 756 > mongo-keyfile

Create the directory for the mongo-keyfile in /opt/mongo 

sudo mkdir -p /opt/mongo/


Move the keyfile to the directory we just created and give it appropriate permissions.

sudo mv ~/mongo-keyfile /opt/mongo/ && sudo chmod -R 400 /opt/mongo/


If this fails with chmod: cannot access ‘/opt/mongo/mongo-keyfile’: Not a directory

cd /opt/mongo && mv mongo mongo-keyfile && cd ~


Then set the appropriate permissions:

chown -R mongod:mongod /opt/mongo
chmod 700 /opt/mongo
chmod 600 /opt/mongo/mongo-keyfile
chcon system_u:object_r:mongod_var_lib_t:s0 /opt/mongo/mongo-keyfile

Configuring MongoDB for replication


Access the mongodb instance with mongo:

mongo


While in the mongo shell type:

use admin


Then create an admin user, change the pwd with a more secure password.

db.createUser({user: "admin", pwd: "VerySecurePassword", roles:[{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})


Once done, type:

exit


To return back to the shell.


Next we need to edit the configuration file to enable it to work for a replica set.

sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf

Once opened put in the following information:

net:
  port: 27017
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0

security:
  keyFile: /opt/mongo/mongo-keyfile
  authorization: enabled

replication:
  replSetName: rs0


bindIp is to allow access from all hosts, then uncomment the security and replication line.

After typing that in you need to execute:

sudo systemctl restart mongod


You can find out what is causing the issue by running:

sudo tail /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log


mongo -u admin -p --authenticationDatabase admin

Then type in the password you chose.

Run the following on the one you want to be the slave master/main one

Replace ip1 and ip2 with the ip addresses of the other servers and if different ports specify them.

rs.initiate(
  {_id:'rs0',
   members:[ { _id:1, host:'ip1:27017'},
             { _id:2, host:'ip2:27017'}]
   });


Get the config into a variable:

cfg = rs.conf()


Replace currentIP0 with the VPS public ip address. Then edit the host one:

cfg.members[0]["host"] = "currentIP0:27017"


Then to make the changes live:

rs.reconfig(cfg, {force: true})




Use the test database:

use test


Insert some data to the repl collection to check if it's working

db.repl.insert({"name": "john"})



You will get a result like:

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })



Now run the following on one of the other servers and type in the password:

mongo -u admin -p --authenticationDatabase admin


Use the test database:

use test


You should get a result with:

{ "_id" : ObjectId("60e0cc625429aa121b8e677e"), "name" : "john" }



Now you have successfully done replication with MongoDB!


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